Redox-Responsive Nanocapsules for the Spatiotemporal Release of Miltefosine in Lysosome: Protection against <i>Leishmania</i>

Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease, is caused by intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani. Unlike most pathogens, donovani are lodged in parasitophorous vacuoles and replicate within the phagolysosomes macrophages. Effective vaccines against this disease still under development, while efficacy of available drugs being questioned owing to toxicity for nonspecific distribution human physiology reported drug-resistance developed Thus, stimuli-responsive nanocarrier that allows specific localization release drug lysosome has been highly sought after addressing two crucial issues, lower higher efficacy. We report here unique targeting polymeric nanocapsules, formed via inverse mini-emulsion technique, miltefosine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. A benign backbone, with disulfide bonding susceptible an oxidative cleavage, utilized organelle-specific miltefosine. Oxidative rupture bond induced glutathione (GSH) as endogenous stimulus. Such line over few hours helped achieving improved 200 times compared pure formulation could contribute new treatment leishmaniasis.